Separation of reflections from diffractions using the CRS-technique

Seismic data contains reflections along with diffractions. Diffractions in seismic data are related to different features like faults, fractures, pinchouts and rough edges of salt bodies. It follows that suppression of reflections and enhancement of diffractions can be very useful for seismic interpretation of various subsurface features that cause diffractions. During the last years, different techniques have been proposed to separate reflections from diffractions. In this study both simple synthetic test data and complex synthetic data (Sigsbee2a) have been used to investigate the modified version of the Common Reflection Surface (CRS) technique. The simple synthetic data were sorted into different domains to investigate the difference in signature of reflections and diffractions. A two-step procedure based on CMP-sorting followed by zero-offset (eventually constant-offset) sorting seemed to give a good diffraction separation. Optimal parameters were determined based on Semblance as a coherency measure. This separation scheme was applied to a complex controlled data set (Sigsbee2a) and diffractions were successfully separated from reflections

Experience of Internet Utilization by Post Graduate Students at Nishter Medical College, Multan, Pakistan

This study reports the Internet usage, purposes, difficulties while using internet by the Post Graduate Sstudnets at Nishtar Medical College (NMC), Multan and also identifies the usage of different health related websites and databases to supplement learning by PGS. This study is based on comprehensive literature review and pre-tested questionnaire that was distributed among 210 PGS. The response rate was very satisfactory 85%. The collected data was finally analyzed by using SPSS version 17. The results show that 33(18.5%) were female and 145(81.5%) male in total 178 respondents. All of the respondents used internet except only one respondent. Majority of the respondents always use Internet for their education purpose frequently use it for research, for up to date information, to obtain information about health and entertainment purposes. Results show that PGS were using Pubmed database sometimes and MedScape, PakMediNet and EBSCOhost occasionally. The study concludes for the need of awareness, orientation and trainings to utilize different databases for seeking scholarly information

Experience of Internet Utilization by Post Graduate Students at Nishter Medical College, Multan, Pakistan

This study reports the Internet usage, purposes, difficulties while using internet by the Post Graduate Sstudnets at Nishtar Medical College (NMC), Multan and also identifies the usage of different health related websites and databases to supplement learning by PGS. This study is based on comprehensive literature review and pre-tested questionnaire that was distributed among 210 PGS. The response rate was very satisfactory 85%. The collected data was finally analyzed by using SPSS version 17. The results show that 33(18.5%) were female and 145(81.5%) male in total 178 respondents. All of the respondents used internet except only one respondent. Majority of the respondents always use Internet for their education purpose frequently use it for research, for up to date information, to obtain information about health and entertainment purposes. Results show that PGS were using Pubmed database sometimes and MedScape, PakMediNet and EBSCOhost occasionally. The study concludes for the need of awareness, orientation and trainings to utilize different databases for seeking scholarly information

Bicompartmental decompressive craniectomy: Report of two cases

A recent study of randomized controlled trials showed favorable outcomes with use of decompressive craniectomy in managing and treating uncontrolled intracranial pressures accompanied with cerebral edema due to trauma. We present the details of bicompartmental decompressive craniectomy on two patients who presented with severe head trauma of supra- and infratentorial pathologies. The surgical management techniques and long-term follow-up are discussed in detail

Outcome in patients with myasthenia gravis Managed with or without Thymectomy

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic acquired autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies are produced against acetylcholine receptors present on neuromuscular junction. It results in neuromuscular transmission blockage hence muscle weakness occurs. Thymus gland is considered as having crucial role in development of these antibodies. Screening patients for thymoma and removal of the thymus gland with surgery has an important aspect in management of disease

Detection and prevention of Denial-of-Service in cloud-based smart grid

Smart Grid (SG), components with historical set of security challenges, becomes more vulnerable because Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has its own share of problems while Cloud infrastructure adds yet another unpredicted layer of threats. Scalability and availability, which are strong aspects of the cloud platform making it attractive to users, also attracts security threats for the same reasons. The malware installed on single host offers very limited scope compared to attack magnitude that compromised Cloud platform can offer. Therefore, the strongest aspect of Cloud itself becomes a nightmare in Cloud-Based SG. A breach in such a delicate system can cause severe consequences including interruption of electricity, equipment damage, data breach, complete blackouts, or even life-threatening consequences. We mimic Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks to demonstrate interruption of electricity in SG with open-source solution to co-simulate power and communication systems

An Abattoir Based Study on Brucellosis, Bovine Tuberculosis and Paratuberculosis in Buffaloes and Cattle at Faisalabad, Pakistan

A study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of these diseases at Faisalabad abattoirs in buffaloes and cattle. For this purpose, 400 consecutive animals, including 200 buffaloes and 200 cattle were included in the study. Blood and diseased organ, tissue samples were collected for further processing. For a study on the prevalence of brucellosis, the serum samples were screened by RBPT (Rose Bengal Precipitation Test). The overall prevalence of brucellosis recorded was 10% and 11% in buffaloes and cattle, respectively. The prevalence of brucellosis did not vary between male and females, three age groups and three weight groups each in buffalo and cattle. However, the odds of contracting brucellosis were 3.8 vs 1 for cattle than buffalo at an age below 5 years. On the basis of specific gross and histopathological lesions in different organs/tissues, including lungs, liver, lymph nodes and intestine, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis were assessed. The suspected prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was 1.5% and 1%, while it was 3.75% and 4.1 % in case of paratuberculosis in buffaloes and cattle, respectively. The cattle revealed significant (P = 0.05) difference between age groups on the basis of suspected lesions of tuberculosis in lungs with young cattle showing the lesions more than adult, but it was not so in buffaloes. The odds of contracting paratuberculosis in males were 3.74 vs 1 of buffalo than cattle. The other comparisons were not marked between age groups, sex and weight groups between buffaloes and cattle. The prevalence of these diseases is not unexpected in abattoir and is a threat not only for workers at the slaughterhouse, meat sellers (butchers) but also to the general public

Ossification of the cruciform ligament of atlas; a rare cause of cervical myelopathy: Case report and review of literature

We present a case of cervical myelopathy secondary to ossification of the cruciform ligament (also known as cruciate ligament). This is a rare phenomenon that, to the best of our knowledge, has only been reported 16 times previously in literature. We have added a review of literature after our case presentation. We hope that by doing so, we may aid clinicians reach early diagnosis so as to be able to better manage this rare disease

Lumbar morphometry: A study of lumbar vertebrae from a Pakistani population using computed tomography scans

Study design: A cross-sectional study.Purpose: To describe the characteristics of lumbar vertebrae of Pakistani patients reporting at a tertiary care hospital and compare with studies from other populations.Overview of literature: Several studies have been conducted to determine morphometry of lumbar vertebrae. Most of the studies involve Caucasian populations, still data on other populations still sparse. This is the first study describing lumbar morphometry of a Pakistani population.Methods: An observational study was conducted based on a review of thin-cut (3 mm) computed topographic images of lumbar vertebrae. Two-hundred and twenty vertebrae from forty-nine patients were studied, and various dimensions were analyzed.Results: Generally, the size of the vertebrae, vertebral canals and recesses were found to be greater in male patients. The difference was statistically significant for transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the vertebral bodies and sagittal diameter of pedicles on the left side (p\u3c0.05). Comparison of populations revealed statistically significant differences in pedicle dimensions between Pakistani population and others.Conclusions: This study provides anatomical knowledge of the lumbar region in a sample population of Pakistan. There were significant differences in various dimensions of lumbar vertebrae between female and male patients. This would prove to be critical for performing a safe operation